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FileVault is a disk encryption program available on macOS that protects the data on your drive by securing it through encryption. When you enable FileVault, it utilizes XTS-AES-128 encryption with a 256-bit key to encrypt the entire startup disk, safeguarding your data even if the device is lost or stolen. This means that unauthorized users cannot access the information without the proper credentials, effectively ensuring the confidentiality and security of sensitive data stored on the device.

The functionality of FileVault is specifically centered around encryption, making it an essential tool for users who prioritize data security. It does not compress files, create backups automatically, or restore previous versions of files, which are functions associated with other features or applications in macOS. By focusing on encryption, FileVault serves a critical role in protecting user data against unauthorized access.